ABCDEF – Historical Association of Deutsche Bank

Show content of Alexander, Georg

first name(s), surname:

Georg Alexander

day of birth:

03.01.1906

birthplace:

Berlin

day of death:

02.01.1944

place of death:

Auschwitz

photo:

Georg Alexander in 1929

life:

Georg Alexander was born in Berlin in 1906, the son of Wilhelm Alexander (1877-1938), a plumber, and Gertrud (Trude) Alexander (1881-1940). He attended the Werner Siemens middle school up to 9th grade and began a two-and-a-half-year banking apprenticeship at Deutsche Bank in Berlin in April 1923. After completing his apprenticeship, he worked for Deutsche Bank in a Berlin subbranch, the Central Transfers department and the Bills of Exchange department from 1925 to 1929. Deutsche Bank described him as an "extremely capable, conscientious worker who combines a quick grasp of things with brisk activity". In May 1929, Georg Alexander went to the Frankfurt am Main branch of Deutsche Bank as an "exchange employee" for a little over a year. He then returned to the Berlin head office, where he was dismissed at the end of 1936 because of his Jewish ancestry. Sources on his last years at the bank have not survived, nothing is it known about any subsequent activity.
Georg Alexander was married to Renate, née Gerson (born on 30 March 1904 in Czarnkow). The date of the marriage is not known. Their son Gerson (Gerry) was born on 12 August 1942. Until their deportation, the family lived with Renate's sister, the photographer Margarete Gerson, in the rear house at Knesebeckstraße 75 in Berlin-Charlottenburg. According to family tradition, Margarete Gerson was arrested by the Gestapo as early as November 1942 and interned in a collection camp. She was deported to Auschwitz on 9 December 1942. Georg, Renate and Gerson Alexander were deported on the 36th transport from Berlin to Auschwitz on 12 March 1943. Renate and Gerson were probably murdered there immediately. Georg Alexander died in Auschwitz on 2 January 1944. His brother Alfons Alexander (born 20 October 1908) was also deported to Auschwitz (34th transport of 4 March 1943) and murdered. Only his brother Herbert Alexander survived in exile.

joined Deutsche Bank (or precursor):

03.04.1923

end of employment:

31.12.1936

career:

03.04.1923 - 30.09.1925 Deutsche Bank Berlin (apprenticeship)
01.10.1925 - 30.04.1929 Deutsche Bank Berlin
01.05.1929 - 31.10.1930 Deutsche Bank Frankfurt am Main branch
01.11.1930 - 31.12.1936 Deutsche Bank Berlin

last known address:

Berlin-Charlottenburg, Knesebeckstraße 75, rear house, 3rd floor

transports:

12.03.1943 from Berlin to Auschwitz

archival sources:

HADB, P3/A68
HADB, B381
HADB, DB(alt)/375

literature:

Manfred Mosche Gerson: Ein Leben im 20. Jahrhundert. Von Westpreußen über Berlin und Hannover durch Amerika, NS-Deutschland und Lettland nach Israel 1906-1982. Edited by Erhard Roy Wiehn, Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre Verlag 2002

links:

https://yvng.yadvashem.org/nameDetails.html?language=de&itemId=11457333&ind=1

https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/de/document/11220524

https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/de1052811

https://www.stolpersteine-berlin.de/de/knesebeckstrasse/75/margarete-gerson

https://www.geni.com/people/Georg-Alexander/6000000089452014031

Show content of André, Erich

first name(s), surname:

Erich André

day of birth:

27.07.1904

birthplace:

Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen)

day of death:

04.12.1942

place of death:

Auschwitz

photo / document:

	Erich André in 1935
	Letter from Deutsche Bank und Disconto-Gesellschaft, Central Personnel Department, to Aachen Branch dated 22 September 1937: "Regarding your letter of 21st instance we regret to inform you that we are not in a position to change any of the conditions related to the departure of Mr Erich André." (HADB, F056/0006)

life:

The son of Norbert André, a master butcher, finished school with an upper secondary school leaving certificate and then began an apprenticeship at the Deutsche Bank Aachen branch, which employed him permanently after he had completed his education. Following his forced departure from the bank at the end of 1937, he emigrated in 1939, first to Antwerp and later to France, where he was sent to the Saint-Cyprien internment camp in May 1940. From there he was taken to the Camp de Rivesaltes in 1942 and a little later to the Drancy collection camp, from where he was deported to Auschwitz in November 1942 and murdered a month later.

Erich André had been a member of the Alemannia Aachen sports club since 1919. He was a founding member of the youth section and later served, among other things, as a member of the match committee.

joined Deutsche Bank (or precursor):

01.07.1921

end of employment:

31.12.1937

career:

01.07.1921 - 30.09.1923 Deutsche Bank Filiale Aachen (apprenticeship)
01.10.1923 - 31.12.1937 Deutsche Bank Aachen branch (current account department)

last known address:

Aachen, Thomashofstraße 17, "Stolperstein" (literally “stumbling stone or block”, metal cobblestone commemorating an individual victim of Nazism) laid on 6 February 2019 on the initiative of "Interessengemeinschaft der Alemannia Fans und Fan Club e.V." in cooperation with "TSV Alemannia Aachen"

transports:

04.11.1942 from Drancy (France) to Auschwitz

archival sources:

HADB, F056/0006

literature:

Harold James, The Deutsche Bank and the Economic War Against the Jews, p. 111f.

links:

http://www.wgdv.de/stolpersteine/personenverzeichnis/171-andr%C3%A9,-erich-daniel

http://www.familienbuch-euregio.de/genius/?person=441035

https://www.alemannia-aachen.de/aktuelles/nachrichten/details/Gedenken-an-Alemannia-Mitglieder-21486j/

https://www.wikiwand.com/de/Liste_der_Stolpersteine_in_Aachen

Show content of Assenheim, Wilhelm

first name(s), surname:

Wilhelm Assenheim

day of birth:

27.05.1878

birthplace:

Offenbach

day of death:

31.03.1942

place of death:

Litzmannstadt ghetto

document:

Assenheim, Wilhelm, Schreiben aus Getto Litzmannstadt 1941_800

Last letter retained from Wilhelm Assenheim to Deutsche Bank Frankfurt branch dated 24 October 1941:
"I would like you to transfer pension payments due to me to my new address: Litzmannstadt ghetto Warthegau, Rembrandtstrasse 10, previous Frankfurt Main Liebigstrasse 41, Wilhelm Israel Assenheim, identification number A02863"
(HADB, P3/A180)

life:

Wilhelm Assenheim completed an apprenticeship as well as his first professional years in the Jewish banking house Siegmund Merzbach in his hometown Offenbach. He then moved to the Baruch Bonn bank in neighbouring Frankfurt. In 1908 Assenheim joined Pfälzische Bank’s branch in Frankfurt, which Deutsche Bank took over in 1922, as an attorney. Shortly after marking his 25th year of service (the time at the previous institute was always taken into account), Assenheim was compulsorily retired due to his Jewish origins. Assenheim held a power of attorney for the account of his former line manager, Eduard Rothschild, who was also Jewish. After Rothschild’s emigration, Assenheim was able to use this to transfer monthly support payments from a special account to Rothschild’s relatives who remained in Germany. In October 1941 Wilhelm Assenheim was deported to the Litzmannstadt ghetto. From there he asked Deutsche Bank to continue paying his pension. However, in accordance with National Socialist legislation, this had already been stopped at the moment of his deportation.

joined Deutsche Bank (or precursor):

1908

end of employment:

1934

career:

01.04.1894 - 31.03.1896 S. Merzbach, Offenbach (apprenticeship)
01.04.1896 - 31.12.1899 S. Merzbach, Offenbach
01.01.1900 - 30.06.1908 Bankgeschäft Baruch Bonn, Frankfurt am Main (1905 attorney)
01.07.1908 - 31.03.1922 Pfälzische Bank Filiale Frankfurt am Main (1920 attorney)
01.04.1922 - 31.12.1933 Deutsche Bank Filiale Frankfurt am (1925 - 1933 attorney)

last known address:

Frankfurt am Main, Liebigstrasse 41

transports:

19.10.1941 from Frankfurt am Main to Litzmannstadt (Lodz)

archival sources:

HADB, P3/A144; HADB, P3/A180

links:

https://www.genteam.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=150&Itemid=149&lang=de

https://yvng.yadvashem.org/nameDetails.html?language=en&itemId=11459866&ind=1

Show content of Badmann, Max

first name(s), surname:

Max Badmann

day of birth:

01.11.1866

birthplace:

Frankfurt am Main

day of death:

25.05.1942

place of death:

Litzmannstadt (Lodz)

document:

Badmann-Max_21.01.1941_Breite 400 dotCMS

Last letter retained from Max Badmann to Deutsche Bank Frankfurt branch dated 21 January 1941: "I would be obliged if you could prepareYou would oblige me to thank you if you would prepare a statement for the tax office about my pension payments in 1940, stating the deductions for wage tax and war tax surcharge. I will take the liberty of visiting you at the beginning of February and taking receipt ofreceiving the document in question."
(HADB, P03/B0023)

life:

Max Badmann completed an apprenticeship in 1883 at the E. Ladenburg banking house, which had been established in Frankfurt since 1848. Its headquarters were located at Junghofstraße 14. In 1930, the bank was merged into the neighbouring Deutsche Bank Frankfurt branch. Badmann retired in the same year. He last worked as an authorised signatory for the bank He received a monthly pension of RM 400. He had been married to Minnie Hall (born 10.09.1875 - unknown date of death) since 1908. His wife ran the Anna Höchberg shop for ladies' fashions at Kaiserstraße 15 in Frankfurt until the end of 1938. The couple lived at Böhmerstrasse 20 in Frankfurt’s Westend district from 1934 to 1941. Their son, Julius, (born 21.12.1908) immigrated to Brazil in 1939. At the end of 1941, Max Badmann and his wife were deported to the Litzmannstadt (Lodz) ghetto, where he died a few months later. Deutsche Bank stopped pension payments at the moment of deportation, as demanded by National Socialist laws.

joined Deutsche Bank (or precursor):

25.02.1905 (E. Ladenburg)

end of employment:

01.10.1930

career:

1883 - 1930 E. Ladenburg Frankfurt a. M. (1930 takeover of Deutsche Bank)

last known addresses:

Frankfurt am Main, until 1933 Oberlindau 98;
1934 - 1941 Böhmerstraße 20, "Stolperstein" (literally “stumbling stone or block”, metal cobblestone commemorating an individual victim of Nazism) laid in September 2021 on the initiative of Deutsche Bank;
1941 until deportation Mainzer Landstraße 32

transports:

19.10.1941 from Frankfurt am Main to Litzmannstadt (Lodz)

archival sources:

HADB, P03/B0023

links:

https://www.geni.com/people/Max-Badmann/6000000064495203004

https://yvng.yadvashem.org/nameDetails.html?language=en&itemId=11460858&ind=1

Show content of Baum, Hanni

first name(s), surname:

Hanni Baum

day of birth:

13.05.1911

birthplace:

Kneuttingen/Lorraine

day of death:

unknown, after 1957

place of death:

unknown, presumably in the US

photo / document:

Hanni Baum in 1928

Letter from the Kaiserslautern branch of Rheinische Kreditbank, a successor of Deutsche Bank, to the Landesbezirksstelle für Wiedergutmachung [local compensation authority] of 18 January 1952:
"The dismissal because of non-Aryan descent took place [...] at the instigation of the Deutsche Arbeitsfront [German Labour Front], which repeatedly reproached us for employing a Jew and only relented after we had carried out the dismissal."
(HADB, P46/B0001)

life:

After attending a secondary school, the daughter of a merchant completed an apprenticeship in the building materials business Kopp & Krauß in 1927/28 before taking a job as a telephone operator and stenographer at the Süddeutsche-Disconto-Gesellschaft in Kaiserslautern, which was merged into the Deutsche Bank und Disconto-Gesellschaft the following year. After her forced dismissal, she emigrated to the United States. In the 1950s she lived in New York and had taken the name Strauss through marriage.

joined Deutsche Bank (or precursor):

12.06.1928

end of employment:

31.10.1937

career:

12.06.1928 - 29.10.1929 Süddeutsche Disconto-Gesellschaft Kaiserslautern branch
29.10.1929 - 31.10.1937 Deutsche Bank und Disconto-Gesellschaft Kaiserslautern branch

last known address:

Kaiserslautern, Pirmasenserstraße 28

emigration:

after 1938

archival sources:

HADB, P46/B0001

Show content of Bodenheimer, Fritz

first name(s), surname:

Fritz Bodenheimer

day of birth:

28.11.1893

birthplace:

Darmstadt

day of death:

20.11.1961

place of death:

Randallstown/Maryland, USA

photo / document:

	Fritz Bodenheimer 1922
	Annual Reviews of Fritz Bodenheimer from the years 1922 to 1929: "1926: In our opinion, the hardest working and most capable employee of the Darmstadt management." (HADB, P03/B0890)

life:

Fritz Bodenheimer was the son of a Darmstadt merchant (co-owner of the firm H. Bodenheimer). After several positions in regional Hessian banks, Bodenheimer joined the Darmstadt branch of the Disconto-Gesellschaft in 1922 as deputy director. In 1927 he moved to the Giessen branch as director. He kept this position after the merger of Disconto-Gesellschaft with Deutsche Bank. In 1931 Bodenheimer left the bank at his own request to take up a director post at the Frankfurt branch of the auditing company “Deutsche Treuhand AG für Warenverkehr”. Married to Rosi Bender, the daughter of a stockbroker, in 1923, Fritz Bodenheimer immigrated to the United States with his family, presumably in 1938.

joined Deutsche Bank (or precursor):

01.01.1922 (Disconto-Gesellschaft)

end of employment:

31.03.1931

career:

1910 - 1912 Isaac Fulda, Mainz (apprenticeship)
1912 - 1914 Isaac Fulda, Mainz (correspondence department, cashier)
1914 - 1918 Military service in the First World War
1919 Hessischer Bankverein Gießen branch
1920 - 1921 J. Lehmann, Darmstadt (attorney and co-owner)
01.01.1922 - 10.07.1927 Disconto-Gesellschaft Darmstadt branch (co-head)
11.07.1927 - 29.10.1929 Disconto-Gesellschaft Gießen branch (director)
29.10.1929 - 31.03.1931 Deutsche Bank und Disconto-Gesellschaft Gießen branch (director)
01.04.1931 - 1938 Deutsche Treuhand AG für Warenverkehr, Frankfurt branch (director)

last known address:

Frankfurt am Main, Wehrheimerstraße 3

emigration:

presumably 1938 to the United States

archival sources:

HADB, P03/B0890

links:

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/35819162/fritz-bodenheimer

Show content of Cohn, Fritz

first name(s), surname:

Fritz Cohn

day of birth:

25.04.1909

birthplace:

Kronach

day of death:

25.11.1941

place of death:

Kovno (Kaunas) Fort IX

photo / document:

	Fritz Cohn in June 1935
	Memo from the personnel manager Robert Wilberg of Deutsche Bank Frankfurt am Main branch dated 23 November 1936 on a conversation with Fritz Cohn suggesting a move to the private bank Heinrich Cahn & Co. in Frankfurt am Main. (HADB, P03/C0096)

life:

The son of the merchant Leopold Cohn attended the Philanthropin in Frankfurt am Main. After completing his secondary education, he began a banking apprenticeship at the Frankfurt branch of Deutsche Bank in 1924. On 1 October 1926, he was taken on as an employee. He first worked in various positions in the department for private clients and from April 1934 in the securities department. At the end of 1936, he was offered by Deutsche Bank to join the private bank Heinrich Cahn & Co. in exchange for one of their employees. Cohn's Jewish descent played a decisive role in this. He switched to the "Jewish" bank, which in return gave a non-Jewish employee to Deutsche Bank. Cohn received three months' salary as severance pay. In the course of 1938, when it became clear that Cahn & Co. would have to cease business activities, Cohn planned to emigrate, but this did not happen. After the Pogrom Night, he was deported to the Buchenwald concentration camp on 12 November 1938 and released from there on 5 May 1939. He returned to Frankfurt, where he lived in a household with his mother Selma Cohn. He found employment with the Frankfurt Jewish Community. Fritz Cohn and his mother Selma Cohn were taken on a deportation train to the ghetto (and later concentration camp) in the Lithuanian city of Kaunas on 22 November 1941, together with almost 1,000 Jewish citizens of Frankfurt. The transport reached its destination on 25 November 1941. Fritz and Selma Cohn were murdered on the same day.

joined Deutsche Bank (or precursor):

01.04.1924

end of employment:

31.12.1936

career:

01.04.1924 - 31.12.1936 Deutsche Bank Frankfurt am Main branch;
01.01.1937 - 1938 Heinrich Cahn & Co., Frankfurt am Main

last known address:

Frankfurt am Main, Kostheimer Str. 20 II (together with his mother Selma Cohn, née Weil)

transport:

22.11.1941 from Frankfurt am Main to Kovno (Kaunas) Fort IX

archival sources:

HADB, P03/C0096
HHStA, 519/3 Nr. 1431

links:

https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/de/search/person/5693084?s=5693084&t=0&p=0

https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/de901777

Show content of Eisner, Ernst

first name(s), surname:

Ernst Eisner

day of birth:

21.11.1894

birthplace:

Nordhausen

day of death:

18.08.1951

place of death:

Montevideo

photo / document:

Ernst Eisner in 1932

Note by Karl Ritter von Halt of 13 April 1938: "Lencer approached me about the fact that we still had two Jews in the bank, namely Mr Eisner and Kohlberg. He drew my attention to the fact that Mr Eisner, of all people, had succeeded - in spite of the ban on entering the stock exchange that had once been imposed - in performing his duties at the stock exchange again without hindrance. Should the Management Board of the Deutsche Bank not decide to relieve Mr Eisner of his duties in the next few weeks, the help of the press - Schwarzes Korps, SA-Mann, Stürmer, etc. - would be called upon."
(HADB, P02/E0166)

life:

Immediately after graduating from high school in Nordhausen, Ernst Eisner began a apprenticeship at Mitteldeutsche Creditbank in Berlin in April 1913, which he completed in 1915, subsequently working for the bank as an accountant, cashier and head of a deposit office. In 1921 he moved as manager of Mitteldeutsche Creditbank branch to Munich, returning to the bank's Berlin headquarters in 1925 as director and co-manager of the stock exchange department. After Mitteldeutsche Creditbank was merged into Commerz- und Privatbank in 1928, he worked there last as head of the exchange and discount department. On 1 June 1932 Eisner joined Deutsche Bank und Disconto-Gesellschaft to become co-head of the stock exchange department. At the beginning of November 1937 he was informed by the bank's Managing Board that he would soon have to expect to leave the bank because of his Jewish descent. On 13 April 1938, Rudolf Lencer, head of the Nazi work cell Banks and Insurances of the German Labour Front, complained to the bank's personnel manager Karl Ritter von Halt that Eisner was still employed by the bank and threatened, if he was not dismissed soon, to give the case to the press. On 19 June 1938 Ernst Eisner was suspended and on 1 July 1939 he retired. By the latter date, he had already emigrated to Uruguay. He died in Montevideo in 1951.

joined Deutsche Bank (or precursor):

01.06.1932

end of employment:

01.07.1939 (suspended since 19.06.1938)

career:

01.04.1913 - 01.07.1921 Mitteldeutsche Creditbank, Berlin;
01.07.1921 - 31.10.1925, Mitteldeutsche Creditbank Munich branch;
01.11.1925 - 31.03.1928 Mitteldeutsche Creditbank, Berlin;
01.04.1928 - 31.05.1932 Commerz- und Privatbank, Berlin;
01.06.1932 - 01.07.1939 Deutsche Bank und Disconto-Gesellschaft Berlin

last known address:

Berlin-Dahlem, Haderslebenerstr. 30

emigration:

March 1939 to Montevideo (Uruguay)

archival sources:

HADB, P02/E0166

links:

Ernst Eisner (1894 - 1951) - Genealogy (geni.com)

Show content of Ellinger, Max

first name(s), surname:

Max Ellinger

day of birth:

12.04.1886

birthplace:

Giessen

day of death:

05.09.1942

place of death:

Auschwitz

photo / document:

	Max Ellinger 1927
	Letter from Max Ellinger to Deutsche Bank Management Board member Fritz Wintermantel dated 30 January 1939: "... I am emigrating to France in February and, since I am not allowed to work there, I am dependent on the transfer of part of my pension to cover my living expenses." (HADB, P02/E0160)

life:

Max Ellinger was the son of the merchant Philipp Ellinger. After graduating from secondary school, he completed a banking apprenticeship at the Strasbourg branch of the Rheinische Creditbank in 1904, where he remained an employee until 1907. Subsequently he joined Disconto-Gesellschaft in Berlin, where he first was in the bookkeeping department. Later he worked mainly in the Potsdamer Strasse city subbranch. From 1914 to 1918 he did military service, then returned to Disconto-Gesellschaft. In 1921 he married Elise Ohnstein (born 03.05.1892 in Gnesen), the couple had no children. In 1925 he became head of the Potsdamer Strasse city subbranch and after the merger of Disconto-Gesellschaft with Deutsche Bank he was head of the Belle-Alliance-Platz and Hausvogteiplatz city subbranches. Because he was Jewish, he was suspended in the summer of 1937 and retired at the end of 1938. In February 1939, the Ellinger couple emigrated to Strasbourg to live with Max Ellinger's sister. After the occupation of France, he was deported from the Drancy collection camp to Auschwitz on 31 August 1942, where he was murdered on 5 September 1942. His wife was deported from the Nexon camp to Auschwitz. She was murdered on 3 September 1944.

joined Deutsche Bank (or precursor):

20.09.1904 (Rheinische Creditbank Strasbourg branch)

end of employment:

31.12.1938 (suspended since 03.07.1937)

career:

20.09.1904 - 27.03.1907 Rheinische Creditbank Strasbourg branch;
01.04.1907 - 29.10.1929 Disconto-Gesellschaft, Berlin;
30.10.1929 - 31.12.1938 Deutsche Bank, Berlin

last known address:

Berlin-Wilmersdorf, Aschaffenburger Str. 6, II

emigration / transport:

emigrated 1939 to Strasbourg (France)
deported 1942 via Drancy (France) to Auschwitz

archival sources:

HADB, P02/E0160

links:

http://judaisme.sdv.fr/histoire/shh/deportes/stbg1.htm

Mémorial de la Shoah (memorialdelashoah.org)

http://www.lesmortsdanslescamps.com/content/1989/JO1989p09134-09136ALL.html?nom=Ellinger%20%28Max%29&titre=JO1989p09134-09136

http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000283664

Show content of Frank, Theodor

first name(s), surname:

Theodor Frank

day of birth:

10.04.1871

birthplace:

Grethen (Pfalz)

day of death:

28.10.1953

place of death:

Zürich

photo / document:

	Theodor Frank around 1930
	Letter from Theodor Frank to Executive Board member Fritz Wintermantel dated 27.10.1947 requesting assistance in resuming pension payments (HADB, P01/0018)

life:

detailed biography

joined Deutsche Bank (or precursor):

1888 (W. H. Ladenburg & Söhne)

end of employment:

1933

career:

1886 - 1888 apprenticeship at a private bank in Karlsruhe
1888 - 1904 W.H. Ladenburg & Söhne, Mannheim
1904 - 1922 deputy director / director of Süddeutsche Disconto-Gesellschaft
1922 - 1929 joint proprietor of Disconto-Gesellschaft
1929 - 1933 Management Board member of Deutsche Bank und Disconto-Gesellschaft
1933 - 1938 member (until 1936 deputy head) of the Berlin-Brandenburg Advisory Board

last known address:

Berlin, Wielandstraße 25-26, (before that Lützowplatz 13 resp. 7); Geltow, Auf dem Franzensberg 1-3

emigration:

23.10.1937 to Belgium, later to France

archival sources:

HADB, P01/0017; HADB, P01/0018

link:

https://www.geni.com/people/Theodor-Frank/6000000018479493690

Show content of Frankl, Ernst (Ernest L.)

first name(s), surname:

Ernst (after emigration: Ernest L.) Frankl

day of birth:

09.08.1894

birthplace:

Mannheim

day of death:

25.08.1973

place of death:

Mannheim

photo / document:

Ernest L. in Frankl 1954

Letter from Ernest L. Frankl to Walter Tron, Member of the Management Board of Süddeutsche Bank dated 10 November 1952: "During my visit we had the opportunity to talk briefly about my current relationship with our bank. After this relationship was restored in an amicable manner through the settlement of my pension matter, I considered in what way I could offer my services in return under the present circumstances." (HADB, V1/2877)

life:

After leaving school, Frankl began a banking apprenticeship in 1912 at Süddeutsche Disconto-Gesellschaft, a predecessor of Deutsche Bank with headquarters in Mannheim. After its merger with Deutsche Bank, Frankl last worked as a branch manager in Freiburg before he was compulsorily retired at the end of 1938. As Freiburg branch manager, he also held a number of supervisory board mandates in companies in southwest Germany, including the Kronenbrauerei in Offenburg and the Spinnerei Atzenbach in Schopfheim. After his emigration, he founded the textile machinery company Ernest L. Frankl Associates in New York. As one of the few expelled Jewish employees, Frankl returned to his former employer after the Second World War and held managerial positions at the Frankfurt branch and the bank's foreign department from 1954 to 1958. Afterwards, he lived again mostly in the USA, but died in 1973 during an extended stay in his native city Mannheim.

joined Deutsche Bank (or precursor):

1912 (Süddeutsche Disconto-Gesellschaft)

end of employment:

31.12.1938

career:

1912 - 1919 Süddeutsche Disconto-Gesellschaft Mannheim branch (apprenticeship until 1914, various departments)
1919 - 1932 Süddeutsche Disconto-Gesellschaft Villingen branch attorney, head)
1932 - 1938 Deutsche Bank Filiale Freiburg (head)
1946 co-founder of extile machinery company Ernest L. Frankl Associates in New York
1954 - 1956 Süddeutsche Bank Frankfurt am Main branch(co-head)
1956 - 1958 Deutsche Bank Frankfurt, head office, international department

emigration:

March 1939 via United Kingdom to the United States

archival sources:

HADB, P01/0086, P03/F0399, V01/2002, V1/2877, V02/0064

literature:

Henric C. Wuermeling, Bürgerlich! 2014, pp. 500 and 568

Show content of Fried, Franz

first name(s), surname:

Franz Fried

day of birth:

26.12.1885

birthplace:

Dřevohostice (Moravia)

day of death:

probably 04.12.1941

place of death:

Riga

photo / document:

	Franz Fried as Head of the Vaihingen sub-branch in 1928
	Memorandum from January 30th, 1928: "Our branch in Frankfurt am Main is looking for a manager to run its city sub-branch Konstablerwache. He should be suitable for the lively business dealings with the mostly Jewish clientele and therefore belong to the Mosaic religion himself." (HADB, P07/F0006)

life:

The son of a landowner in Moravia, Franz Fried came to Württemberg after leaving school. He retained his Austrian citizenship rights and also served in the Austrian army during the First World War. After 1918 he received citizenship of Czechoslovakia. After holding several positions at the private bank Stahl & Federer, Franz Fried switched to Disconto-Gesellschaft in 1919 and became head of its branch in Vaihingen, near Stuttgart. He kept this position after the merger of the Disconto-Gesellschaft with Deutsche Bank until his forced retirement in 1938. Since it was common at that time for the manager of a branch to live in the bank building, he had to give up his official residence at the moment of his dismissal. At the end of November 1941 he was deported to Riga with his wife Henriette. Presumably both were murdered there immediately after their arrival.

joined Deutsche Bank (or precursor):

08.09.1919

end of employment:

05.05.1938

career:

25.05.1906 - 31.12.1906 Emil Ruoff, Reutlingen (trainee)
01.07.1907 - 31.10.1909 Stahl & Federer; Reutlingen und Pfullingen (attorney)
01.11.1909 - 28.07.1914 Stahl & Federer; Zuffenhausen; Heilbronn; Ravensburg; Pfullingen and Schwäbisch Gmünd (attorney)
1914 - 1918 service in the Austrian army
29.12.1918 - 07.09.1919 Stahl & Federer; Stuttgart (attorney)
08.09.1919 - 28.10.1929 Disconto-Gesellschaft Vaihingen branch (head)
29.10.1929 - 01.10.1937 Deutsche Bank und Disconto-Gesellschaft Vaihingen branch (head)
01.10.1937 - 05.05.1938 Deutsche Bank Vaihingen branch (head)

last known address:

1919 - 1938 Vaihingen, Hauptstraße 11 (residence in the branch building), "Stolperstein" (literally “stumbling stone or block”, metal cobblestone commemorating an individual victim of Nazism) laid on November 10th, 2006
1938 - 1941 Vaihingen, Forststraße 45

transport:

28.11.1941 from Stuttgart to Riga

archival sources:

HADB, P07/F0006; HADB, P2a/F0001

links:

https://www.stolpersteine-stuttgart.de/index.php?docid=288

Show content of Fröhlich, Salomon

first name(s), surname:

Salomon Fröhlich

day of birth:

30.01.1881

birthplace:

Durlach

day of death:

25.07.1942

place of death:

Mannheim, Israelite Hospital

photo / document:

	Salomon Fröhlich around 1930
	Letter from Deutsche Bank Karlsruhe branch to the personnel department of Freiburg branch dated 1 November 1940. It confirmed that Salomon Fröhlich still lived in Durlach and had not been deported because of his paralysis. (HADB, P25/F3)

life:

The second-born son of the cattle trader and farmer Rafael Fröhlich (1843-1925) and his wife Rosa née Stern (1859-1909) first attended the Durlach primary schools, from 1890 the Progymnasium and finally the Humanistische Gymnasium Karlsruhe, where he passed the university entrance examination in 1899. After studying in Heidelberg, Berlin and Freiburg, Salomon Fröhlich began a two-year apprenticeship at the Freiburg branch of the Bank für Handel und Industrie in 1912 and subsequently worked for the private bank Macaire & Cie. in Constance until 1921. This activity was interrupted by military service from 1915 to 1916. In 1921 Macaire & Cie. was taken over by the Süddeutsche Disconto-Gesellschaft and transformed into its Constance branch. At the same time, Fröhlich was promoted to deputy director of the new Constance branch of Süddeutsche Disconto-Gesellschaft. After he had been appointed director at the beginning of 1927, the merger of Deutsche Bank with Süddeutsche Disconto-Gesellschaft in 1929 led to Fröhlich being reassigned to his previous rank as deputy director of the Constance branch of Deutsche Bank und Disconto-Gesellschaft. In March 1934, Salomon Fröhlich suffered a severe stroke, which led to his half-side paralysis and inability to work. He retired at the beginning of 1935 and moved back to his native town of Durlach. His younger, unmarried sister Frieda Fröhlich (1888-1942) took care of him. While most of the Baden Jews, including his eldest brother Ferdinand Fröhlich (1879-1941), were deported to the Gurs camp in France on 22 October 1940, Salomon Fröhlich's permanent paralysis prevented his transport. The sister caring for him was also able to stay in Durlach at first. On 26 April 1942, however, Frieda Fröhlich was transported via Stuttgart to Izbica in Poland, from where she was most likely sent to one of the extermination camps Belzec or Sobibór and murdered there. On 23 April 1942, three days before her deportation, Karl Eisemann, the then head of the Baden-Pfalz district office of the Reich Association of Jews in Germany, had visited Salomon Fröhlich in his flat in Turmbergstraße in Durlach to discuss accommodation in a Jewish old people's home in Mannheim with him, as his "sister who was caring for him was scheduled for deportation". He was hoisted onto a truck bed with his wheelchair and taken to Mannheim to the Israelite Hospital, where he died three months later on 25 July 1942 at the age of 61.

joined Deutsche Bank (or precursor):

01.02.1914 (Bankhaus Macaire & Cie., Constance)

end of employment:

31.12.1934

career:

01.02.1912 - 31.01.1914 apprenticeship at Bank für Handel und Industrie Freiburg branch
01.02.1914 - 30.06.1921 authorized representative and holder of power of attorney at the private bank Macaire & Cie. in Constance
01.07.1921 - 17.01.1927 deputy director of Süddeutsche Disconto-Gesellschaft Constance branch
18.01.1927 - 31.10.1929 director of Süddeutsche Disconto-Gesellschaft Constance branch
1.11.1929 - 01.01.1935 deputy director of Deutsche Bank und Disconto-Gesellschaft Constance branch
01.01.1935 retirement due to inability to work as a result of a stroke

last known address:

Karlsruhe-Durlach, Turmbergstraße 15

archival sources:

HADB, P25/F3

link:

https://gedenkbuch.karlsruhe.de/namen/1073

Show content of Frohnhausen, Max

first name(s), surname:

Max Frohnhausen

day of birth:

18.12.1881

birthplace:

Halberstadt

day of death:

08.05.1942

place of death:

Chełmno / Kulmhof

photo / document:

"Stolperstein" commemorating Max Frohnhausen (Berlin-Schöneberg, Meininger Strasse 4)

life:

Max Frohnhausen was born in Halberstadt, near Magdeburg, on December 18, 1881. He moved to Berlin as a young man and became a bank employee at Disconto-Gesellschaft, which merged with Deutsche Bank in 1929. He retired on October 1, 1933. His pension payments were stopped on December 1, 1941, and his assets were confiscated by the Berlin Chief Finance President on Dec. 12, 1941, in favor of the Reich.

On October 15, 1912, he had married Frieda Frohnhausen and moved with her to Meininger Straße 4. His wife had been born Frieda Kuschner on October 10, 1885 in Bublitz, Pomerania, in what is now Poland, and had moved to Berlin as a young woman to study singing. While still a student, she was permanently employed by the Jewish Community as a chorister. Until the November pogroms in 1938, she sang in the choir of the liberal Fasanenstrasse Synagogue under the conductor Theodor Schönberger. On October 18, 1941, 56-year-old Frieda Frohnhausen and 59-year-old Max Frohnhausen were deported to Litzmannstadt. There were 1251 Berlin Jews on the deportation train, including the well-known bookseller Benedict Lachmann. On May 8, 1942, Max and Frieda Frohnhausen were deported to the Kulmhof extermination camp and murdered there.

joined Deutsche Bank (or precursor):

ca. 1909

end of employment:

01.10.1933

career:

ca. 1909 - 1929 Disconto-Gesellschaft, Berlin head office, probably personnel department
1929 - 1933 Deutsche Bank und Disconto-Gesellschaft, Berlin head office, probably personnel department

last known address:

Berlin-Schöneberg, Meininger Str. 4, "Stolperstein" (literally “stumbling stone or block”, metal cobblestone commemorating an individual victim of Nazism) laid on 8 November 2019 on the initiative of "Koordinierungsstelle Stolpersteine Berlin"

transports:

18.10.1941 from Berlin to Lodz / Litzmannstadt
08.05.1942 from Lodz / Litzmannstadt to Chełmno / Kulmhof

archival source:

HADB, F200/179

literature:

Berliner Gedenkbuch, p. 350.

link:

https://www.stolpersteine-berlin.de/en/biografie/8987